ABSTRACT
Extraction of manganese (iv) ion from aqueous media using 1-phenyl-3-methyl pyrazolone-5 has been studied. The 0.0lM of 1-phenyl-3-methyl pyrazolone-5 was prepared by dissolving 1.74g in 100ml (40ml butanol and 60ml chloroform) 2ml aqueous phase of different acid concentrations 1M to 6M where prepared with HCl, HN03, H2S04, respectively. Extraction process involved the mixture of 2Ml organic phase and aqueous phase respectively, shaken for 40mins and allowed to settle. The raffinate was taken for analysis using spectrophotometer. The result showed that extraction of Mn4+ ion varies from 1.51% to 22.66% at different acid concentration. There was extraction at 1M to 6M of HCl when gave 4.51%, 4.41%, 4.47%, 4.22%, 3.48% and 3.79%. There was extraction at 1m to 6M of H2S04 which gave, 2.83%, 1.47%, 2.32%, 1.87%, 1.51% and 1.12%, and there was also extraction at HN03 which also gave, 4.68%, 4.22%, 4.45%, 3.20%, 22.66% and 2.50%.
Keywords: 1-phenyl-3-methyl pyrazolone butanol, chloroform, H2S04, HCl, HN03.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Statement Of Problem 2
1.2 Objective/Aim 3
1.3 Significance Of Study 3
1.4 Scope Of The Work 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 5
2.1 Metal ions in Aqueous Solution 6
2.2 Manganese (iv) Ion 9
2.2.1 General Characteristics 9
2.4 1-Phenyl-3-Methyl Pyrazolone-5 12
2.5 Distribution Ratio (D) 13
2.6 The Efficiency Of Extraction 15
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Method 16
3.1 Sourcing Of Materials And Apparatus 16
3.2 Materials and Apparatus 16
3.3 Preparations of 0.0lm 3-Methyl-1-Phenyl Pyrazolone-5 17
3.4 Preparation of Stock Acid Solutions 18
3.5 Preparations of 100ppm Of Mn+4 18
3.6 Preparation of 2ml Aqueous Phases 18
3.7 Extraction Procedure 19
3.8 Sample Analysis 20
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results and Discussion 22
4.1 Results 22
4.2 Discussion 25
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion And Recommendations 27
5.1 Conclusion 27
5.2 Recommendations 27
References 29
Appendix 36
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The term ion extraction refers to the process of extracting one or several ions from a liquid phase, usually an aqueous phase, to another phase that can be either solid or liquid. The general aim is to separate ions from a native solution or to concentrate ions in order to handle smaller volumes. When different types of ions need to be revered from their mixture, ie. Performing a selective extraction of each ion, the term “ion extraction” is used [1].
A metal ion is aqueous solution (aqua ion) is cation, dissolves in water, of chemical formula [M(H2O)n]z+. The solvation number n, determined by variety of experimental method is 4 for Li+ and Be2+ and 6 for elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table. Lanthanide and actinide aqua ions have solvation number of 8 and 9. The strength of the bonds between the metal ion and water molecules I the primary solvation shell increases with the electrical charge Z, on the metal ion and decreases as its radius, r, increases [2].
Manganese is a chemical element with symbol (Mn) atomic number 25, atomic weight 54.938044, meeting point 1519k (12460C or 2275OF), density 7.3 grams per cubic centimeter, period number 4, group number 7. It is not found in as a free element in nature, it is often found in minerals in combination with iron [3].
Pyrazoline, a five member ring, is a derivative of pyrazole that has an additional keto group, it has a molecular formula of C3H4N2O [4].
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
– These ions interfere with each other in some analytical process, which make it very necessary for these ions to be separated in a mixture before analysis [5].
– Some industrial effluents have high concentration of Mn, which are essential with versatile applications. Thus there is need to recover these metals from the effluent and reduce their concentration to permissible limits before discharge to the environment because manganese is toxic when too high concentration are present in a human body and can cause Parkinson, lung embolism and bronchitis, when men and exposed to manganese for a longer period of time they may become important.
1.2 OBJECTIVE/AIM
The objective of this present work is to study the extraction characteristic of manganese from aqueous media using phenyl-3-methly pyrazoline-5.
– To separate ions from a native solution to concentration ions in order to handle smaller volumes.
– Identification of the hazardous effects of manganese.
– Identification of the industrial of the industrial uses of manganese.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
Study will provide possible condition for the separation of the mixture of the ions during analysis.
– Result may provide ways of recovery the metals from their effluents.
– Study result will provide treatment methods for the effluents containing this metal.
– This study results will provide literature for further studies.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE WORK
Extracting manganese+4 from aqueous media using 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone using atomic absorption spectrometer.
To separate ion from a native solution or to concentration ions, in order to handle smaller volume.
Identification of the hazardous effects of manganese.
